Do STAD Learning Method Can Improve Students' Learning Outcomes on Social Science?

Some students in elementary schools face some problems related to the students’ learning focus and interest in a social science subject. The Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) of the cooperative learning model on educational management divides students into small teams to discuss and help each other. This study purposes to improve elementary school students’ learning outcomes focus on social science subjects using the STAD learning method. The implementation of the STAD learning method in this research is based on the Classroom Action Research model which was developed by Kurt Lewin. This model involves four stages, namely; planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The result of this study proves that the applying of the STAD learning method on social science subjects in fourth-grade elementary students can improve the students’ learning outcomes, role, enthusiasm, and cooperation between others in the learning process. It can be seen from the increase of students’ learning outcomes completeness reach up to 80,9%.


Introduction
The elementary grades are considered to be the pivotal point for the development of science learning trajectories and achievement gaps. 1 Most students in some elementary schools have problems and difficulties in focusing their concentration on learning social science subjects. 2 Students feel bored when studying social science subjects and they think that this subject is not interesting. 3 The learning objectives of social science in elementary school are focused on three aspects, they are; cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. 4 By studying social science subjects, students are expected to be more empathetic towards the surrounding environment. They will be more caring and sociallyminded people in their social life and community. The survey reports clearly show the growing demand for humanities subjects. So, there is a great responsibility on the shoulders of teachers in sociology to keep the trend going. 5 Besides that, the goal of social science subjects in elementary school is to prepare the students as the qualified generation who can cooperate with others in solving social problems. They also manage to make decisions and participate in the community, state life, and nation. 6 In general, the educational process of this subject in elementary schools used cognitive and psychomotor approaches to be able to be achieved well but the affective aspect is still not optimal since the learning process tends to finish the material only. 7 In learning social science, the teachers often use the question and answer and lecture method. It makes students bored with the learning program. achieve learning objectives. 13 The cooperative learning model can be interpreted as a teaching method that implements the teacher can manage students into little groups who interact to simply help one another understand academic material 11 and continuum of students who interact in small organizations, so as that everyone may focus on jobs jointly determined by the teacher. 14 There is a type of Cooperative learning model, Student Teams Achievement Divisions or STAD. The STAD kind of cooperative learning model is one of many cooperative learning models that divide students into little teams. Then students discuss to greatly help one other accomplish common goals. Next, there are individual tests to discover the outcomes of student understanding. There are rewarding and scoring as a consequence of the task done by students in the educational process. The determination of learning methods and media is closely related to the selection of the very most efficient and effective learning strategies in providing the learning experience needed to form the basic competencies of students. 15 The STAD product was conceived by students from Johns Hopkins College and is recognized as the "Student Training Team". 16 In teaching and learning activity, the teacher can use some learning methods which can develop students' activity and creativity. STAD is a cooperative learning approach in the learning and teaching process. 17 The important theoretical views have been investigated within the past several two decades, specifically determination and cognitive idea on student understanding. 18 .
Research on the efficacy of the STAD learning process in language show that's STAD was able to increase the interpersonal and communication skills of bachelor students. STAD was claimed to be a good approach to the understanding subject matter and improving student attitudes. That research proves that it potentially produces maximum results with the appropriate number of students in the study group. 19 However, the previous study did not use social science lessons and used elementary school students' samples. This study posed a research question, do the STAD learning method can improve elementary school students' learning outcomes on social science?. Therefore, this study purposes to improve elementary school students' learning outcomes focus on social science subject using the STAD learning method. In terms of providing implications for knowledge, this study strengthens the STAD learning methods by Robert E. Slavin to improve student learning outcomes. 20 As a practical implication, it gives preference to social studies learning methods for teachers, educators, policymakers, and school management. Social studies learning becomes more fun for students so that it has the opportunity to improve learning outcomes.

Methods
The research design of this study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) that  Table 1 includes the score criteria in the learning process which includes five groups to see the quantity of students' achievement that is been applied by the teacher in the learning process. 26 Based on these data students are considered to be able to absorb learning well, if the value they get in their learning reaches ≥75. Meanwhile, the value ≤75 is considered less good when seen from the predetermined MLMS value.

Description of Cycle I Research Result
In the first cycle, the researcher started to utilize the STAD learning design by decided the groups in the class. It is designed to make students more interested in various learning materials and experiences. The data in this cycle shows that the students' learning outcomes have increased significantly which means that the established completeness of learning outcomes is 80.9% and the average is 82,0.
Students who reach scored <74 were 4 students and those who scored <74 were 17 students.
The results indicated in Table 2. the increase in the number of students who completed MLMS per period shows that there was a significant increase in the number of students who achieved MLMS in Cycle I. How many students recognized the topic, originally only 7 students, or 33.3% transform to 17 students or 80.9%. The data from cycle I mean that the application of learning techniques utilizing the STAD method can improve the students' learning outcomes significantly. That means that the targets of learning achievement have been reached and fulfilled. These learning outcomes have met an ideal LM typical because they have reached an LM score of 80.9% and a predicate of both conditions of the educational means of students and teachers.
It was found that the scores improved because students were motivated to understand social sciences subjects applying STAD learning practices that use teams.
The curiosity and passion possessed by students to try and complete learning, especially in a variety of substances, is rising as well. Some various phases that influence the amount of students' accomplishment are the fact of curiosity, ability, amount of intelligence, learning traits possessed by children, along with the strategy used by teachers in classroom learning activities. Insufficient motivation, attention, activeness, and studying problems students have in learning is considered as the key reason for four students did not reach the minimum score criteria.
Based on the results obtained, it can be proved that the results of this study were in line with the results of previous studies. 27 There is a significant effect of the STAD learning model on student achievement. This study obtained similar results that STAD was proven to increase the value and enthusiasm for learning possessed by students. These results can be seen from the improvements obtained by students after the application of the STAD model in their learning.
Research studies were done by Van Wyk 28 and Jacobs 29 in the usage of STAD as a learning method had been applied properly in several research projects. There is an increase in the total quantity of students who achieved MLMS in the cycle.
Understanding that is still teacher-centered is considered as an important basis for reduced student social research learning outcomes in the pre-cycle because the training process in this subject is usually monotonous and boring. Students were shown how to higher understand learning by grouping and discussing with friends.
Producing students to be less enthusiastic and understanding when resolving social research questions. strategies well can ask students to take an approach to teach so that they can assist other students to understand those subjects. 32 Cooperative learning is a form of instruction that makes it possible for learners to work together as a team to help each other enjoy learning experiences. Because of the gaps, students should educate cooperative learning by actively designing successive experiences to enjoy each other such that not only instructors and textbooks and therefore fellow students are learning tools. So the teacher is just a facilitator in the learning process. 33 Based on these approaches, some techniques have been developed. Student Teams-Achievement Divisions is one of the strategies in this teaching model. 34 This STAD learning method is the simplest cooperative learning method.
Because this method can be used in all levels of class, curriculum, and various kinds of learning objectives. This method is student-centered which is expected to make students understand and easier to learn the content of the learning delivered by the educator. It can be used from two to twelve at any grade level where there are single correct responses. 35 According to Robert E. Slavin, in a learning group, four group members are selected based on differences in gender, ethnicity, and performance levels. 36 After the teacher presents the lesson, students can work together with team members who can master the material provided. Furthermore, they will be given a quiz with individual scores to ensure understanding of the material they are good at.
The scores obtained by each student are then added up and made into the team's score.
The STAD learning method focused on students' understanding of doing work with others, respect the views of others and the meaning of diversity. Each group was given the possibility to make the title of every group relating to their wishes. Then regularly, they are given learning materials that must be perfected by all students of each group. Each student must do the test individually on the teaching material without help from other students. The students' scores are calculated from students' scores received by students on worksheets or assignments which are then compared 32 Scott C. Griffith, "Cooperative Learning Techniques in The Clasroom," The STAD learning method, as interpreted based on the aforementioned definition, is an active learning method for small groups of class participants. Since in STAD, by assisting each other, students function heterogeneously together with some participants in each community. Here are four theories that underlie cooperative learning.

1) The Vygotskian Perspective
The Vygotsky priority is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which uses social connections with more knowledgeable individuals to advance development.
The theory of Vygotsky suggests that we first learn from individual-to-person experiences and then individually through an internalization mechanism that leads to profound learning. 39 Krashen's description of how second language learning happens is feedback theory. The learner advances and evolves in the 'natural order' according to this theory as he provides input' in the second language, which is one The main intention behind STAD is to boost and increase student performance. 48 Moreover, STAD has five major components, including (a) class presentations, (b) teams, (c) quizzes, (d) individual grades for progress, and (e) appreciation of teams. 49 The instructor designs a lesson plan by using the STAD method while preparing a lesson. The lesson plan applies to the standard competency and intrinsic competence of the primary school program. Besides, the instructor uses such formats, such as recounting documents, photographs, and worksheets, that are acceptable for the materials. 50

Conclusion
Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the applying of the STAD learning method is quite effective in increasing fourth-grader elementary student scores. The use of the STAD learning method on social science subject focused has been proven can improve students' learning outcomes accomplished. It is proven by the substantial upsurge in scores achieved by students from pre-cycle to cycle I. In the precycle stage, students who accomplished MLMS reached 14 students or 66.7%.
Meanwhile, in the application form of cycle I, the students who reached MLMS successfully were 17 students or 80.9%. Predicated on these results, shows when the implementation of the STAD learning method can help the achievement of learning process criteria between students and teachers can be classified as "excellent". It can indeed increase their knowledge of the challenge in the team by letting students determine their position.